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PCT

WORLD ISTELLHCrijAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION
intcmauonal Burrau

INTERNATIONAL APPLltATION PUBUSHED UN DER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATT (PCT)

WO 96A9491

(51 J Intemfltional Patent Classlflcation 6
C07K Sm. 5/08, A61K 31/4S

(U) International Publication Number:
(43) IntemHtional Publication Date:

27 June 1996 (27.06.96)

(21) International Application Number:

PCr/CA95/0071I

(22) International FQing Date:

21 December 1995 (21.12.95)

(30) Priority Data:
9426038.7
9503136^
9504404.6
9504403.8

22 December 1994 (22.12.94) GB

17 February 1995 (17.02.95) GB

6 March 1995 (06.03.95) GB

6 March 1995 (06.03-95) GB

(71) Applicant (for all designated Stares except US}: BIOCHEM

PHARMA INC. [CA/CAl: 275 Armand Frappier Boulevard.
Uval. Quebec H7V 4a7 (CA).

(72) Inventors; and

(75) Inventors/Applicants (for US ontyY. GILLARD, John
(AU/CA]; 710 Wesichcstcr, Baie D'Urftf. Quebec H9X 2S1
(CA). DIMAIO. John (CA/CA|; 12404 Pierre Blanchct,
Montreal Quebec HIE 4L9 (CA). SIDDIQUI. M.. Ar^had
[IN/CA]: 117-2700 Thimens Boulevard. St-Uureni,
Quebec H4R 2C4 (CA). PREVILLE. Patrice (CA/CAJ:
128 St-<jeor?es. Sr-Charlcs Bomjni6c. Quebec J6E 7H9
(CA). LAFLEUR, Dominique {CA/CA); 934 Champagne,
Ste-Doioth£e. (Quebec H7W 3S6 (CA).

(74) Agent: VAN ZANT, Joan, M.; Scott & Aylcn. 60 Queen Street.
Ottawa. Ontario KIP 5Y7 (CA).

(81) Designated States: AL. AM, AT, AU. SB. BO. BR. BY. CA.
CH. ON. CZ, DE. DK. EE. ES. R. GB. GE, HU. IS, JP.
KE. KG. KP. KR, K2. LK. LR. LS. LT LU. LV. MD, MG.
MK. MN. MW. MX. NO. NZ. PL, PT. RO. RU, SD, SE.
SG. SI. SK. TJ. TM. IT, UA. UG. US. UZ. VN, European
patent (AT. BE CH. DE, DK, ES. FR. GB. OR, IE IT. LU.
MC. NL. PT. SE). GAP! patent (BF, BJ. CF. CG. CI, CM,
GA, ON. ML. MR. NE. SN, TD. TG), ARIPO patent (KE
LS. MW. SD. SZ. UG).

Published

With international search report.

(54) Title: HETEROCYCLIC KETO ARGININE PEPTIDES AS THROMBIN INHIBITORS
(57) Abstract

This invention relates to new and useful inhibitors of the
enzyme thrombin of the formula (I): AS - X, and more paiticularly
compound ( 1 ) in the preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions.
As well, this invention relates to the use of such compounds and
compositions in vicro as anticoagulants and in vivo as agents for the
irtainicnt and prophylaxis of thrombotic disoidcrs such as venous
thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and anerial thrombosis resulting
in acute ischemic events such as myocardial infarction or cerebral
infarction. Moreover, these compounds and compositions have
therapeutic utility for the prevention and treatment of coagulopathis
as.sociatcd with coronary bypass operations as well as tcstenotic
events following transluminal angioplasty.

rOR THE PURPOSES OF IfiFORMATWS ONLY

Codes used to identify Stales party to the PCX on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international
applications under the PCT.

AT
AU
BB
BE
BF
BC
BJ
BB
BY
CA
CF
CC
CH

CM
CN
CS
CZ
DE
DK
ES

FR
GA

Bvbidot
Belpaai

Bulstrta
Bnno

Ceait) Afrkn Repubttc

Congo

Swiorrhad

COa d'lwiir

CuchCMlovaiua
Czech Repttblic

Span)
FtnUnd

Ushod Kinstfoo

MmriuoU

Georgu

Miltwi

Cutaet

Niger

Greece

NettefUndi

Hunj«ry

Norway

Mmi

NrwZealind

pQU»d

Roaanu

stv

Ruuin Fedentiop

Otmocmtc Feeple'i Repobbc

Sudan

of Kofta

Sweden

RepubUc of Korea

Slovrnta

Kuikhstan

Slonkia

Uectncmteui

Senesil

SriLvki

Chad

Luxnnboiss

Togo

Lxnrii

TtjikiiUD

Trinidad lad Tobtso

Republic of MoUovt

Uknioc

Midigucv

Uniied Sute» of Ame

MiU

Uttaekistin

Moegola

VieiNiai

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/0071 1

HETEROCYCIiXC KETO ARGIKINE PEPTIDES
AS TERQUBIN IKBIBXTORS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

5 This invention relates to confounds useful for the

treatment of thrombotic disorders, and more particularly
to novel heterocyclic inhibitors of the enzyme thrombin.

BACKGROUND

10 Inordinate thrombus formation on blood vessel walls

precipitates acute cardiovascular disease states that are
the leading cause of death in economically developed
societies- Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, proteases
and cellular receptors participating in hemostasis have

15 emerged as iii5)ortant factors that play a role in acute and
chronic coronary disease as well as cerebral artery
disease by contributing to the formation of thrombus or
blood clots that effectively diminish normal blood flow
and supply. Vascular aberrations stemming from primary

20 pathologic states such as hypertension, rupture of

atherosclerotic plaques or denuded endothelium, activate
biochemical cascades that serve to respond and repair the
injury site. Thrombin is a key regulatory enzyme in the
coagulation cascade. It serves a pluralistic role as both

25 a positive and negative feedback regulator- However, in
pathologic conditions the former is amplified through
catalytic activation of cofactors required for thrombin
generation as well as activation of factor XIII necessary
for fibrin cross-linking and stabilization.

In addition to its direct effect on hemostasis, thrombin
exerts direct effects on diverse cell types that support
and amplify pathogenesis of arterial thrombus disease.
The enzyme is the strongest activator of platelets caxising
35 them to aggregate and release substances (e.g. ADP TXAjNE)
that further propagate the thrombotic cycle. Platelets in
a fibrin mesh comprise the principal framework of a white

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/007H

thrombus. Thrombin also exerts direct effects on
endothelial cells causing release of vasoconstrictor
substances and translocation of adhesion molecules that
become sites for attachment of imnrune cells. In addition,
5 the enzyme causes mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells and
proliferation of fibroblasts. From this analysis, it is
apparent that inhibition of thrombin activity constitutes
a viable therapeutic approach towards the attenuation of
proliferative events associated with thrombosis .

The principal endogenous neutralizing factor for thrombin
activity in mammals is antithrombin III (ATIII) , a
circulating plasma macroglobulin having low affinity for
the enzyme. Heparin exerts clinical efficacy in venous

15 thrombosis by enhancing ATIII/ thrombin binding through

catalysis. However, heparin also catalyzes inhibition of
other proteases in the coagulation cascade and its
efficacy in platelet-dependent thrombosis is largely
reduced or abrogated due to inaccessibility of thrombus-

20 bound enzyme. Adverse side effects such as

thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and triglyceridemia have
been observed following prolonged treatment with Heparin.

Hirudin, derived from the glandular secretions of the
25 leech Hirudo iaedxcina.lis is one of the high molecular
weight natural anticoagulant protein inhibitors of
thrombin activity (Markwardt F. Cardiovascular Drug
Reviews, Ifl, 211, 19921. It is a biopharmaceutical that
has demonstrated efficacy in experimental and clinical
30 thrombosis. A potential drawback to the use of hirudin as
a therapeutic agent is its weak antigenicity and lack of
an effective method of neutralization, especially in view
of its extremely tight binding characteristics toward
thrombin. The exceedingly high affinity for thrombin is
35 unique and is attributed to a simultaneous interaction

with the catalytic site as well as a distal "anion binding
exosite' on the enzyme.

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/00711

Thrombin activity can also be abrogated by hirudin-like
molecules such as hiruiog (Maraganore, J.M. et al.,
Biochemistry, 21. 7095, 19901 or hirutonin peptides
5 (DiMaio, J. et al., J. Med. Chem. , i^, 3331, 1992).

Throinbin activity can also be inhibited by low molecular
weight compounds that conpete with fibrinogen for
thrombin's catalytic site, thereby inhibiting proteolysis

10 of that protein or other protein substrates such as the

thrombin receptor. A common strategy for designing enzyme
inhibitory con^jounds relies on mimicking the specificity
inherent in the primary and secondary structure of the
enzyme's natural substrate. Thus, Blomback et al. first

15 designed a thrombin inhibitor that was modeled upon the

partial sequence of the fibrinogen Aa chain comprising its
proteolytically susceptible region (Blomback, et al., J.
Clin. Lab. Invest., 24/ 59, 1969). This region of
fibrinogen minimally includes the residues commencing with

20 phenylalanine:

Ala-Asp-Ser-Gly-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ph£-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly
-Gly-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg

T scissile bond

Systematic replacement of amino acids within this region
has led to optimization of the tripeptic^l inhibitory
secjuence exemplified by the peptide (D) -Phe-Pro-Arg which
corresponds to interactions within the Pj-P^-Pi local
30 binding sites on

thrombin (Bajusz S. et al. in Peptides: Chemistry
Structure and Biology: Proceedings of the Fourth American
Peptide Syn?>osium, Walter R., Meienhofer J. Eds. Ann Arbor
Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor MI, 1975, pp 603).

Bajusz et al. have also reported related compounds such as

wo 96/1949 1 ' PCT/CA95y0071 1

(D)Phe-?ro-Arg- (CO)H (GYKI-14166) and (D)MePhe-Pro-Arg-
(CO}H <GYKI-14766) ( Peptides -Synthesis , Structure and
Function: Proceedings of the Seventh American Peptide
Synposiuin. Rich. D.H. & Gross, E. eds . , Pierce Chemical
5 Company , 1981, pp. 417) . These tripeptidyl aldehydes are
effective thrombin inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo.
In the case of both GYKI-14166 and GYKI-14766, the
aldehyde group is presumed to contribute strongly to
inhibitory activity in view of its chemical reactivity
10 toward thrombin's catalytic Ser^^ residue, generating a
hemiacetal intermediate.

Related work in the area of thrombin inhibitory activity
has exploited the basic recognition binding motif
15 engendered by the tripeptide (D) Phe-Pro-Arg while

incorporating various f\jnctional or reactive groups in the
locus corresponding to the putative scissile bond (i.e.
Pl"Pl').

20 In U.S. Patent 4,318,904, Shaw reports chloromethyl-

ketones (PPACK) that are reactive towards Ser^^ and His^,.
These two residues comprise part of thrombin's catalytic
triad (Bode, W. et al., EMBO Journal £, 3467, 1989).

25 Other examples of thrombin inhibitors bearing the (D) Phe-
Pro-Arg general motif are those incorporating COOH-
terminal boroarginine variants such as boronic acids or
boronates (Kettner, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem. , 4734,
1993 1 .

Still other congeners of this motif are those bearing
phosphonates (Wang, C-L J., Tetrahedron Letters, 11, 7667,
1992) and a-Keto esters (Iwanowicz, E.J. et al . , Bioorganic
and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12. 1607, 1992).

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/00711

Neises, B. et al. have described a trichloromethyl ketone
thrombin inhibitor (MDL-73756) and Attenburger, J.M. et
al. have revealed a related difluoro aikyl amide ketone
(Tetrahedron Letters, 11^ 7255, 1991).

Maraganore et al. (European 0,333,356; WO 91/02750; U.S.
5,196,404) disclose a series of thrombin inhibitors that
incorporate the D-Phe-Pro- moiety arid hypothesize that
this preferred structure fits well within the groove
10 adjacent to the active site of thrombin. Variations on

these inhibitors are essentially linear or cyclic peptides
built upon the D-Phe-Pro moiety.

Another series of patents and patent applications have
15 described atteit^jts to develop effective inhibitors against
thrombosis by using alpha-ketoamides and peptide aldehyde
analogs (EP 0333356;WO 93/15756; WO 93/22344; WO 94/08941;
WO 94/17817, EP 0479489; U.S. 5,380,713).

20 still others have focused their attention on peptides,

peptide derivatives, peptidic alcohols, or cyclic peptides
as anti-thrombotic agents (WO 93/22344, EP 0276014; EP
0341607; EP 0291982). Others have examined aitiindine
sulfonic acid moieties to achieve this same end (U.S.

25 4,781,866), while yet others have exa m ined para or meta
substituted phenlyalaaine derivatives (WO 92/08709; WO
92/6549) .

Many of the exanqples cited above are convergent by
30 maintaining at least a linear acyclic tripeptidyl motif
consisting of an arginyl imit whose basic side chain
interacts with a carboxylate group located at the base of
the Pj specificity cleft in thrombin. Two adjacent
hydrophobic groups provide additional binding through
35 favorable Van der Waals interactions within a contiguous
hydrophobic cleft on the enzyme surface designated the P,-
P, site.

wo 96/19491 PCr/CA95/0071l

An object of the present invention is to provide coir^jounds
that display inhibitor^^' activity towards thrombin.

5 .g^jwi^gARY OF THE IWVBHT^QM

An aspect of the present invention relates to peptide
derivatives represented by formula (I), and
phannaceutically acceptable salts thereof

AS - X

(I)

wherein

X is one or more aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle
15 unsubstituted or substituted with one or more amino,
oxygen, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl; and
AS is an active site inhibitor of thrombin having an
argininyl residue or an analogue thereof connected to X.

20 In another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided the use of a con^jound of formula (I) in the
manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of vascular
diseases in a mammal including human.

25 In a further aspect, there is provided a method for the
treatment of vascular diseases in a mammal including
humans, con^jrising administering to said mammal an amount
of a coircjound of formula (I) effective to treat vascular
diseases .

T fi T fln iP l P pgsgRlPTTOW OF THE IWYCTTXPW

Compounds of the present invention include those compounds
35 where X is one or more heterocycle which may be

unsubstituted or substituted with amin , oxygen, alJcyl,

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/(l07n

araikyl, or aryl, X includes aromatic or non-aromatic
heterocyclic rings. X also includes one or more
heterocycle which is optionally fused to another
carbocycie or heterocycle,

Preferably X is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein

10 X,, X,,, X^j, and are each independently selected from the
group consisting of N, or C-X, where X, is hydrogen, C,.,
alkyl, or C^., aryl.

X,, and X^, are each independently selected from the group
consisting of C, O, N, S, N-X,, or CH-X, where X^ is as
15 defined above.

R, is hydrogen, C^.,^ alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
carboxyl, -C,..,- alkyl -CO,-C,.,, alkyl, C,.„ aralkyl, C,.,
cycloaikyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

More preferably X is selected from the group consisting
of:

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/0071 1

herein R, is as defined above.

Further preferably X is selected from the group consisting

-cxi

wherein R, is as defined above.

Even fiirther preferably X is selected from the group
10 consisting of:

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/00711

wherein R, is as defined above.
Most preferably X is

5 or

wherein R, is as defined above. In another embodiment, X is
a 1,2 thiazole optionally substituted with andXor is
10 attached to J at the 2, 3, 4 or 5 position of the ring.

Preferably, R, is hydrogen, or Cj., alkyl .
Further preferably, R, is hydrogen or CH^,
15 Most preferably, R, is hydrogen.

Preferred con^^ounds of formula (I) include those wherein
the

AS portion has the formula Cll) :
20 - -

(III

wherein G* is one or more amino acid, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
or cycioalkyl.

is arginyl radical or an analogue thereof;
25 with the proviso that AS is an inhibitor of the active

site of thrombin. In particular embodiments is selected
from the following amino acid derivatives prepared
according to the procedures described in Bioorg. Med.
Chem. , 1995, 3:1145.

wo 96/19491

PCr/CA95/00711

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95rt>0711

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/00711

wherein n:=l-6, nl=l-2, n2=0-7 and T is a bond or a
5 divalent linking moiety with X.

Suitable AS portions include amino acids 4 5-47 of hirudin
and analogues thereof, and inhibitors of thron\bin based on
the D-Phe-Pro-Arg sequence and its analogues such as D-
10 Cha-Pro-Arg, D-Phe-Pip-Arg. and D-Cha-Pip-Arg . Other

inhibitors of the active site of thrombin which include an
argininyl or an analogue thereof at the C- terminus may
also be incorporated into formula (I) as AS.

16 More preferrably, compounds of the present invention

include those compounds where AS is -Phe-Pro-Arg- or an
analogue thereof.

Most preferably con^jounds of the present invention include
20 those compounds where AS is (D-Phe) -Pro-Arg- or an
analogue thereof.

It will be appreciated that conpounds of the invention
encompass all isomers, enantiomers , and mixtures thereof.

Xn a preferred embodiment, compounds of the invention are
represented by formula {III) :

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/00711

(III)

wherein

5 is selected from the group consisting of one or more

ciryl or cycloal3cyl which is unsubstituted or substituted
with hydroxy, C,_, alkyl, C,., aralkyl, C,., aryl, or C,.,
cycloalkyl.

is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
10 hydroxy, C^.^ alkyl, C,., aral)cyl, and unsubstituted or
siibstituted amino group.

R, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
hydroxy, SH, C,_, al)cyl, C,., aryl and C,., aral3cyl.
a is an integer from 0 to 2 .

15 Q is a bond or -NH-;

Z is C^., alkoxy; cyano; -NH,; -CH^-NH^; -C(NH)-NH,; -NH-
C(NH)-NH,; -CH^-NH-C (NH) -NH^-; a C, cycloalkyl or aryl
substituted with cyano, -NH,, -CH^-NH,, -CtNHl-NH., -NH-
C(NH)-NH2 or -CHj-NH-C (NH) -NH^; or a 5 or 6 member,

20 saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally

substituted with cyano, -NH,, -CHj-NH^, -C(NH)-NH3, -NH-
C(NH)-NHj or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH,; and
X is as defined above.

25 Preferred embodiments of the present invention include

con?50unds of formula (III) wherein R, is selected from the
group consisting of one or more 5 or 6 membered aromatic
or non-aromatic ring which may be unsubstituted or
substituted with hydroxy, C,^ alkyl, or C,., cycloalkyl.

30 M re preferably is a 6 membered aromatic or non-euromatic
ring unsubstituted or substituted with C^,^ alkyl.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/00711

Most preferably Rj is phenyl imsubstituted or substituted
with C,.« alkyl.

Most preferably R, is phenyl.

5 Preferably R^ is hydrogen, hydroxy, C,., alkyl, or amino
unsubstituted or substituted vrith hydroxy, or C^.^ alkyl.
More preferably is hydroxy or NHj.
Most preferably R, is NH,.

10 Preferably R, is hydrogen, hydroxy, SH, or alkyl.
More preferably R, is hydrogen, or C,., alkyl.
Most preferably R, is hydrogen.

Preferably n is 1 or 2 .
15 Most preferably n is 1.

Preferably Q is a bond.

Preferably z is linked via a methylene chain or 2-5 carbon
20 atoms and is selected from the group consisting of -NH,;
-C{NH)-NH2; -NH-C (NH) -NRj ; a C, cycloalkyl or aryl
substituted with -NHj, -CHj-NH,, -C(NH)-NH., -NH-C (NH) -NH^ or
-CH--NH-C(NH) -NH^; and a 5 or 6 member, saturated or
unsaturated heterocycle optionally siibstituted with -NHj, -
25 -C(NH)-NH,, -NH-C (NH) -NH, or -CHj-NH-C (NH) -NH^ .

More preferably Z is -NH-C (NH) -NH^ , -NILj, and -C(NH)-NH,
linked via a methylene chain of 3-5 carbon atoms. Most
preferably, 2 is -NH-C (NH) -NHj linked via a trimethylene
30 chain .

Preferred compounds of the invention include:

wo 96/1949!

PCT/CA 95/0071 1

More preferred confounds of formula (I) include:
(D-Phe) -Pro-alpha-benzothiazolo keto arginine; and
(D-Phe) -Pro-alpha-thiazolo Jceto arginine.

The following abbreviations are referred to herein. These
abbreviations are common and well known to those skilled
in the art of peptide chemistry.

BOC - butoxy-carbonyl BuLi - but>'l lithium

10 DCM - dichloromethane DMF - dime thy Iformamide

iPr2NEt - diisopropylethylamine THF - tetrahydrofuran

As used in this application, the term "alkyl" represents a
saturated or unsaturated, substituted (for example, by a
15 halogen, hydroxyl, amino, oxygen, sulfur, or C^.^, aryl) or
xonsubstituted, straight chain," branched chain hydrocarbon
moiety having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and preferably from 1
to 6 carbon atoms. This chain may be interrupted by one or
more heteroatom such as N, O, or S.

The term -amino protecting groups", 'oxygen protecting
groups", and "protecting groups" are well known in the
field of peptide synthesis. Such protecting groups may be
found in T. Greene, Protective Groups In Organic
25 Synthesis , (John Wiley & Sons, 1981) . The appropriate
protecting group for a particular synthetic scheme will
depend on many factors, including the presence of other
reactive functional groups and the reaction conditions

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/00711

desired for removal as well known by persons skilled in
the art of peptide chemistry.

The term "aryl" represents a carbocyclic moiety which may
5 be substituted by one or more heteroatom (for exanple N,
O, or S) and containing one benzenoid-type ring preferably
containing from 6 to 15 carbon atoms (for example phenyl
and naphthyl) . This carbocyclic moiety may be interrupted
by one or more heteroatom such as N, 0, or S.

The term "aralkyl" represents an alkyl group being
uninterrupted or interrupted , unsubstituted or
substituted by an aryl substituent (for exan^le benzyl),
preferably containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

Unless specified otherwise, the term "amino acid' used
herein includes naturally-occurring amino acids as well as
non nat\xral analogs commonly used by those skilled in the
art of chemical synthesis and peptide chemistry, A list of
20 non natural amino acids may be found in "The Peptides",
vol. 5, 1983. Academic Press, Chapter 6 by D.C. Roberts
and F. Vellaccio. It is to be noted that unless indicated
otherwise, the amino acids" used in the context of the
present invention are those in the L-conf iguration.

The term -cycloalkyl" represents cyclic hydrocarbon groups
containing 3 to 12 carbon, preferably 3 to 8 carbon, which
includes for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl,
and cyclodecyl, any of which may be substituted with
30 substituents such as halogen, amino, alkyl, and/ or
hydroxy.

The term -heterocycle" and -heterocyclic rings- represents
one or more aromatic or non-aromatic ring which includes
35 one or more heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, and

sulfur and which may be substituted with substituents such

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/0O711

as halogen, amino, alley 1, and/ or hydroxy. Preferably, the
ring is 5, 6, or 7 membered.

While it may be possible that, for use in therapy, a
5 conpound of the invention may be administered as the raw
chemical, it is preferable to present the active
ingredient as a pharmaceutical formulation .

The invention thus further provides a pharmaceutical
10 formulation corrprising a compound of formula (I) and
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof
together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers therefor and, optionally, other therapeutic
and/or prophylactic ingredients. The carrier (s) must be
15 "acceptable- in the sense of being compatible with the
Q^j^gj- ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious
to the recipient thereof .

In another aspect of the present invention is provided the
20 use of a con^oxind of formula (I) in the manufacture of a
medicament for the treatment of vascular diseases in a
mammal including h\imans .

In another aspect, there is provided a method for the
25 treatment of "vascular diseases in a mammal including
human, coii?3rising the administration of an effective
amount of a compound of formula (I) .

It will be appreciated by people skilled in the art that
30 treatment extends to prophylaxis as well to the treatment
of established vascular disease.

The confounds of the present invention are useful in
combinations, formulations and methods for the treatment
35 and prophylaxis of vascular diseases. These diseases

include myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism,
deep vein thrombosis, peripheral arterial occlusion,

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95/00711

restenosis following arterial injury or invasive
cardiological procedures, acute or chronic
atherosclerosis, edema and inflammation, cancer and
metastasis.

The term -combination" as used herein, includes a single
dosage form containing at least one conpound of this
invention and at least one thrombolytic agent, a multiple
dosage form, wherein the thrombin inhibitor and the

10 thrombolytic agent are administered separately, but

concurrently, or a multiple dosage form wherein the two
conponents are administered separately, but sequentially.
In sequential administration, the thrombin inhibitor may
be given to the patient during the time period ranging

15 from about 5 hours prior to about 5 hours after

administration of the thrombolytic agent. Preferably, the
thrombin inhibitor is administered to the patient during
the period ranging from 2 hours prior to 2 hours following
administration of the thrombolytic agent, -

Thrombolytic agents which may be employed in the
combinations of the present invention are those known in
the art. Such agents include, but are not limited to,
tissue plasminogen activator purified from natural
25 sources, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,
streptokinase, urokinase, purokinase, anisolated
streptokinase plasminogen activator complex (ASPAC) ,
animal salivary gland plasminogen activators and known,
biologically active derivatives of any of the above.

The dosage and dose rate of the con?>ounds of this
invention will depend on a variety of factors, such as the
weight of the patient, the specific pharmaceutical
coinposition used, the object of the treatment, i.e.,
35 therapy or prophylaxis, the nature of the thrombotic

disease to be treated, and the judgment of the treating
physician.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95rtK>71I

According to the present invention, a preferred
pharmaceutically effective daily dose of the compounds of
this invention is between about l^ig/kg body weight of the
5 patient to be treated ("body weight") and about 5 mg/kg
body weight.

Most preferably, the therapeutic and prophylactic
con^jositions of the present invention comprise a dosage of

10 between about 10 ^tg/kg body weight and about 500 Rg/kg

body weight of the compounds of this invention. It should
also be understood that a daily pharmaceutically effective
dose of either the compounds of this invention or the
thrombolytic agent present in combinations of the

15 invention, may be less than or greater than the specific
ranges cited above.

According to an alternate embodiment of this invention,
conpounds may be used in compositions and methods for

20 coating the surfaces of invasive devices, resulting in a
lower risk of clot formation or platelet activation in
patients receiving such devices. Surfaces that may be
coated with the con^jositions of this invention include,
for exanple, prostheses, artificial valves, vascular

25 grafts, stents and catheters. Methods and con^ositions
for coating these devices are known to those of skill in
the art. These include chemical cross-linking or physical
adsorption of the compounds of this invention- containing
coit?>ositions to the surfaces of the devices.

According to a further embodiment of the present
invention, confounds may be used for ex vivo thrombus
ijnaging in a patient. In this embodiment, the con??ounds of
this invention are labeled with a radioisotope. The
35 ch ice of radioisotope is based upon a number of well-
known factors, for example, toxicity, biological half-life

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PCT/CA95/00711

and detect ability. Preferred radioisotopes include, but
are not limited to ^"l, ^"l and Techniques for labeling

the compoxinds of this invention are well known in the art.
Most preferably, the radioisotope is '"l and the labeling

5 is achieved using "'l-Bolton-Hunter Reagent. The labeled
thrombin inhibitor is administered to a patient and
allowed to bind to the thrombin contained in a clot. The
clot is then observed by utilizing well-known detecting
means, such as a camera capable of detecting radioactivity

10 coupled to a conputer imaging system. This technique also
yields images of plate let-bound thrombin and
meizothrombin .

This invention also relates to compositions containing the
15 compounds of this invention and methods for using such
compositions in the treatment of tumor metastases. The
efficacy of the compounds of this invention for the
treatment of tumor metastases is manifested by the
inhibition inhibitors to inhibit thrombin- induced
20 endothelial cell activation. Tbis inhibition includes the
repression of platelet activation factor (PAF) synthesis
by endothelial cells. These con^ositions and methods have
inportant applications in the treatment of diseases
characterized by thrombin-induced inflammation and edema,
25 which is thought to be mediated be PAF. Such diseases
include, but are not limited to, adult respiratory
distress syndrome, septic shock, septicemia and
reperfusion damage. Early stages of septic shock include
discrete, acute inf lainmatory and coagulopathic responses.

This invention also relates to the use of the above-
described compounds, or conpositions conprising them, as
anticoagulants for extracorporeal blood. As used herein,
the term -extracorporeal blood" includes blood removed in
line from a patient, subjected to extracorporeal
treatment, and then returned to the patient in such
processes as dialysis procedures, blood filtration, or

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PCT/CA95/0071 1

blood bypass during surgery. The term also includes blood
products which are stored exnracorporeally for eventual
administration to a patient and blood collected from a
patient to be used for various assays. Such products
5 include whole blood, plasma, or any blood fraction in
which inhibition of coagulation is desired.

The amount or concentration of compounds of this invention
in these types of " compositions is based on the volume of

10 blood to be treated or, more preferably, its thrombin

content. Preferably, an effective amount of a compounds of
this invention of this invention for preventing
coagulation in extracorporeal blood is from about 1 ^g/60
ml of extracorporeal blood to about 5 mg/60 ml of

15 extracorporeal blood.

The coitpounds of this invention may also be used to
inhibit clot-bound thrombin, which is believed to
contribute to clot accretion. This is particularly

20 in5)ortant because commonly used anti- thrombin agents, such
as heparin and low molecular weight heparin, are
ineffective against clot-boxind thrombin. Finally, the
con?:ounds of this invention may be employed in
compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative

25 diseases. Thrombin is known to cause neurite retraction, a
process suggestive of the rounding in shape changes of
brain cells and in5)licated in neurodegenerative diseases,
such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

30 Compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by
various methods well known in the art. Suitable methods
of synthesis will vary depending upon the AS and X
portions used in the compound. Suitable methods for
synthesis of Phe-Pro-Arg type analogues are described

35 below. However, other well known methods may be enployed.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95rt)07n

SCHEME 1

Step 1:

The heterocyie 1 in solution was metalated with an
appropriate raetalating base such as n-BuLi to generate the

10 corresponding metalated heterocylic con5)ound. The cyclic
activated arginine group 2 was added to this mixture.
Conpound 2 was prepared according to procedures known in
the literature and described in, for example, R.T. Shuman,
et al.. "Highly Selective Tripeptide Thrombin- Inhibitors",

15 J.Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 314. The confound yielded was
heterocyclic ketoarginine 3 .

Step 2:

20 The heterocyclic ketoarginine 3 is deprotected and coupled
to the dipeptide 4 in the presence of a suitable coupling

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95AX)7n

agent, solvent, and base. The dipeptide 4 can be
purchased or prepared by methods coinmon in the art and the
peptide literature. Suitable coupling agents include BOP
and isopropylchlorcformate. Suitable solvents include DCM
5 and DMF. Suitable bases include iPr2NEt and n-methyl
morpholine .

The resulting corc?30und is deprotected with appropriate
deprotecting agents to yield the heterocyclic
' ketoargininyl 5. Suitable deprotecting agents include
10 BBr,, HBr in acetic acid, and TMSI. Methods to remove the
protecting groups are well known to people skilled in the
art.

Scheme I is used where 2 is N. Scheme II is used when Z is
15 carbon, linear carbon chain, or forms a ring with Q.

Where Z fontis a ring with Q, the activated amino group 2
would be amended accordingly to include this ring. The
steps in the process remain the same as described for
Scheme I .

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SCHEME II

H-X ,

The compounds of this invention and their intermediates
may be purified during their synthesis and/ or after their
preparation by standard techniques well known to the
skilled artisan. One preferred purification technique is
10 HPLC. However, other chroma to graphic methods such as

column chromatography may be used for purification of the
compounds. Crystallization may also be used to purify the
products as may washing with appropriate organic solvents.

15 It is well knoim in the art that the amino protecting

groups are not necessary for the reaction to occur. The
process may be carried out without protecting groups.
However, they are used to increase the yield of the
desired conpounds.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CAi/5/007ll

The process described above may use suitable protecting
groups for compounds 2, 3, and 4. Suitable deprotection
conditions and protocols are described in the synthesis
literature and are well known to chemists skilled in the
5 art.

Desired R,, R,, and R, groups may be suibstituted onto the
dipeptide 4 before it is coupled to heterocyclic
ketoarginine 3 using techniques well known in the art of
10 peptide chemistry. Also, preferred analogues of each of
the peptides or the dipeptide may be purchased with the
desired R,, R,, or R, groups substituents already present.

In order that the invention described herein may be more
15 fully understood, the following exait^les are set forth. It
should be understood that these examples are for
illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as
limiting this invention in any manner.

W096M»49I PCr/CA95/00711

1. BuLi/rHFA78 C

O NH 2. 2A78-20C ^H

NH-Ox

NH ^NH

To a THF (75 mL) solution o£ benzothiazole (compound 1)
(4.0 mL, 36.7 mmol) at -78 was slowly added n-BuLi (1.6
25 mL) , resultant orange suspension was stirred at -78
°C for 1.5 h. Then added solid coitpound 2 (3.55 8.7
10 mmol) . Reaction stirred at -78 °C for 30 min followed by at
-20 for 30 min then quenched with saturated aqueous NH^Cl .
Extraction with ethyl acetate followed by column
chromatography afforded yellow foam (1.28 g) in 28% yield
as confound 3 -

NMR(CDC13) d 1.45 Is, 9H) , 1.5-1.8 (m, 2H) , 3.1-3.23 (m,
IH), 3.45-3.60 (m. IH) , 5.1(d, 2H) , 5.53-5.64(m, 2H) .
7.02-7.15(m, 4H), 7.21-7.28(m, 2H) , 7. 56-7. 651m, 2H) , 8.0-
8.05(in, IH). 8.18-8.23(m, IH) .
20 MS: (M+1) 526.8

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PCT/CA55/007n

1 . 4M HayDiODCcne
EtSMQ/3

2. BOPA5MF/iPr2NEt

3. BBr3;DCM/-78 C

4. RP HPLC

CO^H

TO a mixture of compound 3 (0.223 g, 0.43 mmoll and EtSMe
(0.25 mL) , at ambient tenperature, was added 4M HCl

5 solution in dioxane (10 mL) . The reaction was stirred for
1 h. All the solvents removed and the yellow gummy solid
was dried. To this yellow solid was added compound 4 (0.17
g, 0.47 mmol) and BOP (0.21 g, 0.48 mmol) in DMF ( 5mL) at
room temperature then to this mixture was added iPr2NEt

10 until the pH of the mixture reaches 8-9. The reaction was
allowed to stir overnight. The reaction was extracted with
ethyl acetate and washed with brine, subsequent column
chromatography gave 0.129 g of the desired precursor to
compound 5 which was dissolved in DCM (10 n^) and added

15 IM BBr3 solution in DCM {1.7 mL, 1.66 mmol) at -78 ^C.

Reaction was stirred at -78 ^'C for 3 0 min followed by for 3
h at room temperature. Cooled back to -78 ^C and added
anhd. MeOH (2mL) followed by stirring at RT for Ih. All
the solvents removed the mixture extracted with water and

20 washed with ether. The water fraction lyophiiized and was
subjected to reverse phase HPLC purification to yield
con^jound 5 . The two coit?>ounds were isolated as individual

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PCT/CA95/00711

diastereomers analogue 1 and analogue 2 with identical
Mass spectra [ (M+1) 536.5]

po^o^inaMnn of K, Values

This assay was performed with a Perkin Elmer f luorometer
model #LS SOB using a fluorogenix thrombin substrate {Tos-
Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC.HCl) purchased from Calbiochem. Human
thronibin was also obtained from Calbiochem. Measurements
were determined at excitation and emission wavelengths of
383 and 455nm respectively.

The assay was carried out in riinning buffer consisting of
50mM Tris, lOOmM NaCl, 0.1% and Peg pH 7.8 at 24**C. Buffer,
substrate and inhibitor were mixed and the reaction was
initiated by adding the enzyme solution. Initial
velocities were recorded at several inhibitor and substrate
concentrations. Kinetic parameters were determined by
fitting the data to a general equation describing enzyme
inhibition (Segel, Enzyme Kinetics, Wiley Interscience
Publications , 1993 ) .

Dixon and Linewe aver -Bur k plots were used to estimate the
kinetic parameters (K^, V^, K,) using the Microsoft™
Excell™ program.

Binding is the establishment of the equilibria between
enzyme, inhibitor, and enzyme- inhibitor coirplexes. In slow
binding inhibition, this equilibrium is established slowly.
Equilibrium dissociation constant for conpound 5 is shown
in Table 1. The result is coir?5ared with known reported
tripeptidyl based throinbin inhibitors.

•* - Registered Trade Mark

W 96/19491

PCT/CA95/0O711

Coir?30uiid 5 exhibited slow binding kinetics, however the
inhibition constant was determined assuming rapid steady
state kinetics. Therefore, the reported values are a
reliable estimate of the equilibrium inhibitory constants.

clTT &5saY
Procedxir e :

Fibrinogen, and buffer solution were transferred to
disposable t\ibes and placed in a water bath for about 15
10 to 30 minutes before the assay to allow equilibration to

37**C.

The cuvette- strips were incubated for 3 minutes at 37*C. A
ball was dispensed to each cuvette. To the prewarmed

15 cuvettes was added 75nl buffer, 50 ^tl inhibitor solution,
and 50 nl fibrinogen solution. The timer was started
corresponding to the incubation column for an incubation
of 60 seconds. The cuvettes were transferred to the test
column area. The multipette was primed once with the

20 start reagent (thrombin solution) . The multipette was
activated and 25 ^ll of thrombin solution was dispensed.
When the clotting times were determined, they were
displayed and printed.

25 A time versus inhibitor concentrations curve was

constructed and IC„ values were extrapolated from the
inhibitor concentration curves. The IC„ is defined as the
dose required to double the coagulation time compared to
control .

30 The result showing IC„ value is shown in Table 1.

TABLE I

COMPOUND K, (nM) IC„(dTT) (nM)

5 0.05-0.180 1.8-7.2

PPACK 0-017 2.5

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PCT/CA95rt)0711

Boc - D- Phe- Pro - Arg-H 4 5

D-l-Tiq-Pro-Arg-H 19

The results in Table I demonstrate that a heterocyclic
function such as is embidied in a benzothiazolo-keto-
arginyl unit spanning the S,-S, ■ sites of thrombin enhances
5 enzyme affinity up to 1000 fold compared to other reported
inhibitors. Con?>o\ind 5 is equipotent to PPACK which is
regarded as an irreversible inhibitor of thrombin that
forms a covalent bond with the enzyme whereas compound 5
is a reversible inhibitor of thrombin.

Having now fully described the invention, it will be
apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that numerous
modifications can be made thereto without departing from
the spirit or the invention as set forth herein.

wo 96/19491 PCT/CA95/00711

1. A thrombin inhibiting compound according to formula
(I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof

AS - X

{!)

wherein

X is one or more aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle
10 'onsubstituted or substituted with one or more amino,
oxygen, alkyl, araikyl, or aryl; and

AS is an active site inhibitor of thrombin having an
argininyl residue or an analogue thereof connected to X.

15 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X is
selected from the group consisting of:

X. X,

wherein

20 X,, Xjo' ^1' ^ ^® independently selected from the

group consisting of N, or C-X, where X, is hydrogen, C,.,
alkyl, or C,.. aryl;

X., and X„ are each independently selected from the group
consisting of C, 0. N, S, N-X,, or CH-X,; and
25 R, is hydrogen, C,.„ al3cyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
carboxyl, -C„,, alky 1 -CO, -C„„ alky 1, C,.,, araikyl, C,.,
cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein X is
30 selected from the group consisting of:

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95A)0711

R, is hydrogen, C,.,^ alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
carboxyl, -C,,,, alky 1-C0,-C,.„ alkyl, C,.„ aralkyl, C,.,
cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

4. A conpound accoring to claim 2, wherein X is selected
from the group consisting of:

-03 "/^

wherein

10 R, is hydrogen, C,.., alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
carboxyl. -Co.„ alkyl-CO,-C,.„ alkyl, C,.„ aralkyl, C,.,
cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA55/00711

5. A compound according to claim 2 wherein X is selected
from the group consisting of:

wherein

5 R is hydrogen, C,.,, allcyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
c'arboxyl, -C,.,, alkyl-CO.-C,.,, alkyl , C,.„ aralkyl. C,.,
cycloalJcyl. aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

6. A con^Jound according to claim 2 wherein X is selected
10 from the group consisting of:

wherein

R, is hydrogen, C,.,, alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted,
carboxyl, -C,_,, alky 1-C0,-C,,., alkyl, C,.,, aralkyl.
15 cycloalkyl. aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.

7, A compound according to claim 1, wherein AS is a

group of fonmila {II):

wherein is one or more amino acid, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl,
or cycloalkyl; and

G* is arginyl radical or an analogue thereof.

25 8, A coii?3ound accoring to claim 7, wherein is an

arginyl radical selected from:

W 96/19491

PCr/CA95/007H

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95m07U

-'to

Wherein n=l-6, nl=l-2, n2=0-7 and T is a bond or a
5 divalent linking moiety with X.

9. A coir?5ound according to claim 1. wherein AS is the

peptide fragment of hirudin 45-47 and analogues thereof.

10 10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein AS is

selected from D-Phe-Pro-Arg; D-Cha-Pro-Arg; D-Phe-Pip-Arg;
and D-Cha-Pip-Arg.

11. A thrombin inhibiting compound according to formula
15 (III):

(III)

wherein

20 R, is selected from the group consisting of one or more
aryl or cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted
with hydroxy, C,., alkyl, C,., aralkyl, C,., aryl, or C,,.
cycloalkyl.

wo 96/19491

PCT/CA95«)a7n

is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
hydroxy, C^., al3cyl, C,., aralkyl, and unsubstituted or
sxibstituted amino group.

R, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
5 hydroxy. SH. C,., alkyl, C,.. aryl and C.., aralkyl.
n is an integer from 0 to 2.
Q is a bond or -NH-;

Z is C,., alkoxy; cyano; -NH,; -CH,-NH,; -C(NH)-NH,; -NH-
C(NH)-NH,; -CH^-NH-C (NH) -NH^; a cycloalkyl or aryl

10 substituted with cyano, -NH,, -CH,-NH,, -C(NH)-NH,, -NH-
C(NH)-NH; or -CH,-NH-C (NH) -NH^; or a 5 or 6 member,
saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally
substituted with cyano, -NH„ -CH,-NH,, -C(NH)-NH,, -NH-
C(NH)-NH; or -Ot-NH-C (NH) -NH, ; and

15 X is one or more aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more amino,
oxygen, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl,

12. A compound according to claim 11, whteein is
20 selected from the group consisting of one or more 5 or 6
membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring optionally
substituted with hydroxy, C,., alkyl, or C,,, cycloalkyl.

13 . A con550und according to claim 12 , wherein
25 Ri is phenyl;

R, is hydroxy or NHj;

R, is hydrogen, or C,.^ alkyl;

n is 1 or 2;

Q is a bond; and
30 2 is -NH-C{NH)-NH, , -NH,, and -C<NH).NH, linked via a

methylene chain of 3-5 carbon atoms.

14. A con?)ound according to claim 1 selected from (D-
Phe)-Pro-alpha-benzothiazolo keto arginine and (D-Phe)-
35 Pro-alpha-thiazolo keto arginine.

wo 96/19491 PCr/CA95A)07U

15. The use of a compound according to any one of claims
1 to 14 in the manufacture of a medicament for the
treatment of vascular diseases in a mammal including
humans .

16. The use according to claim 15, wherein said vascular
disease is thrombosis.

17. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of
thrombotic disorders in a mammal, comprising administering
to said mammal an effective amount of a coirpound according
to any of one claims 1 to 14.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein said
15 disorder is venous thrombosis.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein said
disorder is pumonary embolism.

20 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein said
disorder is arterial thrombosis.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein said
disorder is myocardial infarction.

22. The method according to claim 17, wherein said
disorder is cerebral infarction.

irrrERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT

Idid. omI ApfMiaiOon No

PCT/CA 95/GQ711

A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER,^^

IPC 6 C07K5/06 C07K5/O8

A61K31/48

> inwnanonii P«icni CUmficttton (IPQ or to both ntttonil dMnficioon md IPC

B. FIELDS SEARCHED

Mmamm dDcamatiiioa surged (dimficittoa tyscm followed by dtisficanon lymboU)

IPC 6 C07K A61K

C DOCUMEI^S CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT

QtA&oo of document with taAwbon. wti« appropntfe, of the relevint ptfUfcs

RclcvjDt to cUtm No.

US»A,4 191 753 (J. W. RYAN) 4 March 1980
see claim 1

EP,A,0 462 884 (ADIR ET COMPANIE) 27
December 1991
see claim 1

14
14

□

Funber documaiti arc iioed m the coauKUAoa of boot C

PauDt ftnsly Bvinben ire Itttd m iniKi.

* Speo«l cAtcBona of atcd bocianents :

'A* doctaaemdefinnittMgciicnlttste of ttw IS Boc

ooBstevd CD be of paraculir rdevucc
•£* cBtwdoeonmibutpirtAAedoaorifterttKimoMboMi

X* dooBDnttwtocfan*ytt«<>wdoubttaepnorit)rdBin<Oor
wtscb B oted to cxuUnb tbe puUwa&on date of ttwOier
ottBoa or other ipeaU reason (as ipeafie4>

'O' ooeuacnt ftfonng to an oral dudoaure, tae, oAubmoa or

*P* tjonanrm p<ar ta ihe imnn in nn al film date twt
liter than the pnomy date clBmcd

lafer docBSMnt puUiibed after the mttTniaonal Tihits date
or inonty dau and not in oooflict inth ihe apfplicaiin but
atad lo iBdenttiMl tlx pnncipU or theory undcriymi etc

"X* docuRMBtof paitiaiLarrclcvaiK)e:tta<

««noi be oocmdacd novel or canaol be cooadered B
tavDtvc an mvcnnvc itep when the dociDcatu taken atone

*Y* doeuroc&i of pafocular rdevance; the rltmrrt invcttoa
canot be coosdcrcd to mvcrtwe an tavcflDve dep when (he

Bxnti, such oootanabon beuf obnotts to a pcnoD dolled
fflftcan.

nbtf of the nrac pstmt Inmly

Dau of the aebtil complcaen of the tntemaaonal leaich

27 March 1996

Data of mattinsof the mnmaaonai leaich tepoct

ofttwISA

Eoopcan Pam OfBoe. P.B. 5lt« Pctcndaan 2

NL.32tOHVRiim]k

Td.(-^31>70) 340-2010.1^ 31 6SlcpoiU,
FacC'^ 31 •70> 340-3016

Voyiazoglou, D

INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT

l&Sci. ixMl Appticafioo No

PCT/CA 95/00711

Patent docuroeni
died in itvch repon

PutHkuion
date

US-A-4191753
EP-A-452884

84-03 -8G
27-12-91

Piicfit family

Pttbb

NONE

r r\"

2663336

20-12-91

AU-B-

631068

12-11-92

AU-B-

7844791

19-12-91

CA-A-

2Q44736

19-12-91

DE-T-

69100128

13-01-94

ES-T-

2059079

01-11-94

JP-A-

4253995

09-09-92

OA-A-

9368

15-09-92

US-A-

5190923

02-03-93

f«M KT/BAffa OMM CHMftr MMB) iMl tm)

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